> 
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > 
Haemulidae (Grunts) > Plectorhinchinae						
							
							Etymology: Plectorhinchus: Greek, plektos = plaited + Greek, rhyngchos = snout (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Guichenot.						
					 
			
			
			
			
				
					Environment: milieu / Zona climática / intervalo de profundidade / distribution range					
						Ecologia					
				
				
				
					marinhas demersal;  intervalo de profundidade 10 - 180 m (Ref. 27000). Subtropical; 45°N -   22°S, 25°W -   20°E				
				 
			
			
			
				
				
				
					Eastern Atlantic:  Spain and Portugal to Henties Bay, Namibia (Ref. 11228).  Also from the western Mediterranean Sea (Ref. 231) and the Canary Islands (Ref. 5535).  Records in eastern Mediterranean are questionable (Ref. 57855, Ref. 113897).
				
				 
			
			
				
					Tamanho / Peso / Idade
				
				
				
					Maturidade: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
 Max length : 80.0 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 5535); common length : 60.0 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 5535); peso máx. publicado: 7.9 kg (Ref. 40637)				
				 
			
			
						
				
					Descrição suscinta					
					Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria					
				
				
				
					Espinhos dorsais (total) : 10 - 13; Raios dorsais (total) : 17 - 20. Grey violet color, abdomen light (Ref. 5377).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.				
				 
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Inhabits sandy and muddy bottoms.  Feeds on zoobenthos and zooplankton (Ref. 5535).  Minimum depth reported from Ref. 5535.			
			 
			
			
			
				
					Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento					
					Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas				
				
				
				
				Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).				
				 
			
			 
				
				
				
					Ben-Tuvia, A. and R. McKay, 1986. Haemulidae. p. 858-864. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. volume 2. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 5535)
				
				 
			
			
			
							
					
						Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN   (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
				 
					
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Ameaça para os humanos  
				
				
				
					  Harmless				
				
			 
			
			
			
			
				
					Uso pelos humanos  				
				
				
					Pescarias: espécies comerciais				
				
				
			
			
						
			
			
			
				
Ferramentas
				
			
			
			
				
Relatórios especiais
 
				
			
			
			
				
Baixar XML
				
			
			
			
				
					Fontes da internet
				
				
			
			
			
				
					Estimates based on models				
				
				
				Preferred temperature (Ref. 
123201): 16.1 - 24.4, mean 19 °C (based on 81 cells).
				
				
					
					Índice de diversidade filogenética  (Ref. 
82804):  PD
50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].					
 
				
										
													Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.00855 - 0.02033), b=3.04 (2.91 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 
93245).
					
 
									
					
					Nível Trófico  (Ref. 
69278):  3.5   ±0.52 se; based on food items.					
 
				
					
						 Generation time: 6.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
 growth studies.					 
				
				
										
						Resiliência  (Ref. 
120179):  médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (K=0.18;).					
 
								
					
						 Prior r = 0.53, 95% CL = 0.35 - 0.80, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.					
				
									
					Fishing Vulnerability  (Ref. 
59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100). 
🛈					 
								
				
									
					Climate Vulnerability  (Ref. 
125649):  Moderate vulnerability (45 of 100). 
🛈					 
								
				
										
					
				 
									
				
					
						Nutrients  (Ref. 
124155):  Calcium = 50.5 [12.0, 100.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.928 [0.485, 1.769] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.4, 21.0] %; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.182, 0.545] g/100g; Selenium = 35.6 [19.5, 66.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.02 [3.64, 21.40] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.636 [0.453, 0.909] mg/100g (wet weight); based on 
nutrient studies.