> 
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > 
Haemulidae (Grunts) > Plectorhinchinae						
							
							Etymology: Plectorhinchus: Greek, plektos = plaited + Greek, rhyngchos = snout (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Guichenot.						
					 
			
			
			
			
				
					Environment: milieu / climate zone / intervalo de profundidade / distribution range					
						Ecologia					
				
				
				
					marinhas demersal;  intervalo de profundidade 10 - 180 m (Ref. 27000). Subtropical; 45°N -   22°S, 25°W -   20°E				
				 
			
			
			
				
				
				
					Eastern Atlantic:  Spain and Portugal to Henties Bay, Namibia (Ref. 11228).  Also from the western Mediterranean Sea (Ref. 231) and the Canary Islands (Ref. 5535).  Records in eastern Mediterranean are questionable (Ref. 57855, Ref. 113897).
				
				 
			
			
				
					Tamanho / Peso / Idade
				
				
				
					Maturidade: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
 Max length : 80.0 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 5535); common length : 60.0 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 5535); peso máx. Publicado: 7.9 kg (Ref. 40637)				
				 
			
			
						
				
					Descrição breve					
					Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria					
				
				
				
					Espinhos dorsais (total) : 10 - 13; Raios dorsais moles (total) : 17 - 20. Grey violet color, abdomen light (Ref. 5377).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.				
				 
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Inhabits sandy and muddy bottoms.  Feeds on zoobenthos and zooplankton (Ref. 5535).  Minimum depth reported from Ref. 5535.			
			 
			
			
			
				
					Life cycle and mating behavior					
					Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas				
				
				
				
				Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).				
				 
			
			 
				
				
				
					Ben-Tuvia, A. and R. McKay, 1986. Haemulidae. p. 858-864. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. volume 2. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 5535)
				
				 
			
			
			
							
					
						Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN   (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
				 
					
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Ameaça para o homem  
				
				
				
					  Harmless				
				
			 
			
			
			
			
				
					Utilização humana  				
				
				
					Pescarias: espécies comerciais				
				
				
			
			
						
			
			
			
				
Ferramentas
				
			
			
			
				
Relatórios especiais
 
				
			
			
			
				
Descarregue XML
				
			
			
			
				
					Fontes da internet
				
				
			
			
			
				
					Estimates based on models				
				
				
				Preferred temperature (Ref. 
123201): 16.1 - 24.4, mean 19 °C (based on 81 cells).
				
				
					
					Phylogenetic diversity index  (Ref. 
82804):  PD
50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].					
 
				
										
													Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.00855 - 0.02033), b=3.04 (2.91 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 
93245).
					
 
									
					
					Nível Trófico  (Ref. 
69278):  3.5   ±0.52 se; based on food items.					
 
				
					
						 Generation time: 6.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
 growth studies.					 
				
				
										
						Resiliência  (Ref. 
120179):  Médio, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (K=0.18;).					
 
								
					
						 Prior r = 0.53, 95% CL = 0.35 - 0.80, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.					
				
									
					Fishing Vulnerability  (Ref. 
59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100). 
🛈					 
								
				
									
					Climate Vulnerability  (Ref. 
125649):  Moderate vulnerability (45 of 100). 
🛈					 
								
				
										
					
				 
									
				
					
						Nutrients  (Ref. 
124155):  Calcium = 50.5 [12.0, 100.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.928 [0.485, 1.769] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.4, 21.0] %; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.182, 0.545] g/100g; Selenium = 35.6 [19.5, 66.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.02 [3.64, 21.40] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.636 [0.453, 0.909] mg/100g (wet weight); based on 
nutrient studies.